


LATEXMK(1L)                                                        LATEXMK(1L)


NAME
       latexmk - generate LaTeX document

SYNOPSIS
       latexmk [options] [file ...]

DESCRIPTION
       Latexmk completely automates the process of compiling a LaTeX document.
       Essentially, it is like a specialized  relative  of  the  general  make
       utility,  but  one  which determines dependencies automatically and has
       some other very useful  features.   In  its  basic  mode  of  operation
       latexmk  is  given  the name of the primary source file for a document,
       and it issues the appropriate sequence of commands to generate a  .dvi,
       .ps, .pdf and/or hardcopy version of the document.

       By  default  latexmk will run the commands necessary to generate a .dvi
       file.

       Latexmk can also be set to run continuously with a suitable  previewer.
       In  that  case  the  LaTeX  program, etc, are rerun whenever one of the
       source files is modified, and the previewer automatically  updates  the
       on-screen view of the compiled document.

       Latexmk  determines  which  are  the  source files by examining the log
       file.  (Optionally, it also examines the list of input and output files
       generated  by  the  -recorder  option  of  modern versions of latex and
       pdflatex.  See the documentation for the -recorder  option  of  latexmk
       below.)   When  latexmk  is  run,  it examines properties of the source
       files, and if any have been changed since the last document generation,
       latexmk  will  run  the various LaTeX processing programs as necessary.
       In particular, it will repeat the run  of  LaTeX  (or  pdflatex)  often
       enough to resolve all cross references; depending on the macro packages
       used.  With some macro packages and document  classes,  four,  or  even
       more,  runs  may be needed. If necessary, latexmk will also run bibtex,
       biber, and/or makeindex.  In addition, latexmk  can  be  configured  to
       generate  other  necessary  files.  For example, from an updated figure
       file it can automatically generate a file in encapsulated postscript or
       another suitable format for reading by LaTeX.

       Latexmk  has  two  different  previewing  options.   In  the simple -pv
       option, a dvi, postscript or pdf previewer is automatically  run  after
       generating  the  dvi,  postscript  or pdf version of the document.  The
       type of file to view is selected according  to  configuration  settings
       and command line options.

       The  second  previewing  option  is the powerful -pvc option (mnemonic:
       "preview continuously").  In this case, latexmk runs continuously, reg-
       ularly  monitoring  all  the  source  files to see if any have changed.
       Every time a change is detected, latexmk runs all the  programs  neces-
       sary to generate a new version of the document.  A good previewer (like
       gv) will then automatically update its display.  Thus the user can sim-
       ply edit a file and, when the changes are written to disk, latexmk com-
       pletely automates the cycle of updating the .dvi (and possibly the  .ps
       and .pdf) file, and refreshing the previewer's display.  It's not quite



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LATEXMK(1L)                                                        LATEXMK(1L)


       WYSIWYG, but usefully close.

       For other previewers, the user may have to manually make the  previewer
       update  its display, which can be (some versions of xdvi and gsview) as
       simple as forcing a redraw of its display.

       Latexmk has the ability to print a banner  in  gray  diagonally  across
       each  page  when  making  the postscript file.  It can also, if needed,
       call an external program to do other postprocessing  on  the  generated
       files.

       Latexmk  is highly configurable, both from the command line and in con-
       figuration files, so that it can accommodate a  wide  variety  of  user
       needs  and  system configurations.  Default values are set according to
       the operating system, so latexmk often works without special configura-
       tion  on  MS-Windows,  cygwin,  Linux,  OS-X,  and  other  UNIX systems
       (notably Solaris).

       A very annoying complication handled very reliably by Latexmk, is  that
       LaTeX  is a multiple pass system.  On each run, LaTeX reads in informa-
       tion generated on a previous run, for things like cross referencing and
       indexing.   In  the simplest cases, a second run of LaTeX suffices, and
       often the log file contains a message about the need for another  pass.
       However,  there  is  a  wide variety of add-on macro packages to LaTeX,
       with a variety of behaviors.  The  result  is  to  break  simple-minded
       determinations  of  how many runs are needed and of which programs.  In
       its new version, latexmk has a highly general and efficient solution to
       these issues.  The solution involves retaining between runs information
       on the source files, and a symptom is that latexmk generates  an  extra
       file (with extension .fdb_latexmk, by default) that contains the source
       file information.


LATEXMK OPTIONS AND ARGUMENTS ON COMMAND LINE
       (All options can be introduced by  single  or  double  "-"  characters,
       e.g., "latexmk -help" or "latexmk --help".)

       file   One  or more files can be specified.  If no files are specified,
              latexmk will, by default, run on all files in the current  work-
              ing  directory  with  a  ".tex" extension.  This behavior can be
              changed: see the description concerning the @default_files vari-
              able  in  the section "List of configuration variables usable in
              initialization files".

       If a file is specified without an extension, then the ".tex"  extension
       is automatically added, just as LaTeX does.  Thus, if you specify:

            latexmk foo

       then latexmk will operate on the file "foo.tex".

       -bibtex
              When the source file uses bbl files for bibliography, run bibtex
              or biber as needed to regenerate the bbl files.



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LATEXMK(1L)                                                        LATEXMK(1L)


              This property can also be configured by setting the  $bibtex_use
              variable to 2 in a configuration file

       -bibtex-
              Never run bibtex or biber.

              A  common  use  for this option is when a document comes from an
              external source, complete with its bbl  file(s),  and  the  user
              does  not  have  the corresponding bib files available.  In this
              situation use of the -bibtex- option will prevent  latexmk  from
              trying to run bibtex or biber, which would result in overwriting
              of the bbl files.

       -bibtex-cond
              When the source file uses bbl file(s) for the bibliography,  run
              bibtex  or biber as needed to regenerate the bbl files, but only
              if the relevant bib file(s) exist.  Thus when the bib files  are
              not  available,  bibtex  or  biber  is not run, thereby avoiding
              overwriting of the bbl file(s).  This is the default setting.

              (Note that it is possible for latexmk to  decide  that  the  bib
              file  does  not  exist,  even though the bib file does exist and
              bibtex or biber finds it.  The problem is that the bib file  may
              not  be  in  the  current directory but in some search path; the
              places latexmk and bibtex or biber cause to be searched need not
              be  identical.   On modern installations of TeX and related pro-
              grams this problem should not  arise,  since  latexmk  uses  the
              kpsewhich program to do the search, and kpsewhich should use the
              same search path as bibtex and biber.  If this  problem  arises,
              use the -bibtex option when invoking latexmk.)

       -bm <message>
              A  banner message to print diagonally across each page when con-
              verting the dvi file to postscript.  The message must be a  sin-
              gle argument on the command line so be careful with quoting spa-
              ces and such.

              Note that if the -bm option is  specified,  the  -ps  option  is
              assumed.

       -bi <intensity>
              How  dark to print the banner message.  A decimal number between
              0 and 1.  0 is black and 1 is white.  The default is 0.95, which
              is OK unless your toner cartridge is getting low.

       -bs <scale>
              A  decimal  number  that  specifies how large the banner message
              will be printed.  Experimentation is necessary to get the  right
              scale  for  your message, as a rule of thumb the scale should be
              about equal to 1100 divided by the number of characters  in  the
              message.  The default is 220.0 which is just right for 5 charac-
              ter messages.





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LATEXMK(1L)                                                        LATEXMK(1L)


       -commands
              List the commands used by latexmk for processing files, and then
              exit.

       -c     Clean up (remove) all regeneratable files generated by latex and
              bibtex or biber except dvi, postscript and pdf.  These files are
              a  combination  of log files, aux files, latexmk's database file
              of source file information, and those with extensions  specified
              in  the  @generated_exts  configuration  variable.  In addition,
              files with extensions by the $clean_ext  configuration  variable
              are removed.

              This  cleanup  is instead of a regular make.  See the -gg option
              if you want to do a cleanup then a make.

              If $bibtex_use is set to 0 or 1, bbl files are counted  as  non-
              regeneratable.

              If  $cleanup_includes_cusdep_generated is nonzero, regeneratable
              files are considered as  including  those  generated  by  custom
              dependencies  and  are  also deleted.  Otherwise these files are
              not deleted.

       -C     Clean up (remove) all regeneratable files generated by latex and
              bibtex  or  biber.   This  is the same as the -c option with the
              addition of dvi, postscript and pdf files, and those with exten-
              sions in the $clean_full_ext configuration variable.

              This  cleanup  is instead of a regular make.  See the -gg option
              if you want to do a cleanup than a make.

              If $bibtex_use is set to 0 or 1, bbl files are counted  as  non-
              regeneratable.

              If  $cleanup_includes_cusdep_generated is nonzero, regeneratable
              files are considered as  including  those  generated  by  custom
              dependencies  and  are  also deleted.  Otherwise these files are
              not deleted.

       -CA    (Obsolete).  Now equivalent to the -C option.  See  that  option
              for details.

       -CF    Remove  the file containing the database of source file informa-
              tion, before doing the other actions requested.

       -d     Set draft mode.  This prints the banner message  "DRAFT"  across
              your  page when converting the dvi file to postscript.  Size and
              intensity can be modified with the -bs and -bi options.  The -bm
              option  will override this option as this is really just a short
              way of specifying:

                   latexmk -bm DRAFT

              Note that if the -d option  is  specified,  the  -ps  option  is



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LATEXMK(1L)                                                        LATEXMK(1L)


              assumed.

       -deps  Show a list of dependent files after processing.  This is in the
              form of a dependency list of the form used by the make  program,
              and it is therefore suitable for use in a Makefile.  It gives an
              overall view of the files without listing intermediate files, as
              well as latexmk can determine them.

              By  default the list of dependent files is sent to stdout (i.e.,
              normally to the screen unless you've redirected  latexmk's  out-
              put).   But  you  can set the filename where the list is sent by
              the -deps-out= option.

              See the section "USING latexmk WITH make" for an example of  how
              to use a dependency list with make.

              Users  familiar  with  GNU  automake  and gcc will find that the
              -deps option is very similar in its purpose and results  to  the
              -M option to gcc.

       -dependents
              Equivalent to -deps.

       -deps- Do  not  show a list of dependent files after processing.  (This
              is the default.)

       -dependents-
              Equivalent to -deps-.

       -deps-out=FILENAME
              Set the filename to which the list of dependent files  is  writ-
              ten.   If  the  FILENAME argument is omitted or set to '-', then
              the output is sent to stdout.

              Use of this option also turns on  the  output  of  the  list  of
              dependent files after processing.

       -dF    Dvi  file  filtering.   The  argument to this option is a filter
              which will generate a  filtered  dvi  file  with  the  extension
              ".dviF".   All  extra processing (e.g. conversion to postscript,
              preview, printing) will then be performed on this  filtered  dvi
              file.

              Example usage: To use dviselect to select only the even pages of
              the dvi file:

                   latexmk -dF 'dviselect even' foo.tex

       -diagnostics
              Print detailed diagnostics during a  run.   This  may  help  for
              debugging problems or to understand latexmk's behavior in diffi-
              cult situations.

       -dvi   Generate dvi version of document.



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LATEXMK(1L)                                                        LATEXMK(1L)


       -dvi-  Turn off generation of dvi version of document.  (This  may  get
              overridden,  if  some other file is made (e.g., a .ps file) that
              is generated from the dvi file, or if no generated file  at  all
              is requested.)

       -e <code>
              Execute  the  specified  initialization  code before processing.
              The code is Perl code of the same form as is used  in  latexmk's
              initialization files -- for more details, see the information on
              the -r option, and the section about  "Configuration/initializa-
              tion  (RC)  files".  The code is typically a sequence of assign-
              ment statements separated by semicolons.

              The code is executed when the -e option  is  encountered  during
              latexmk's  parsing of its command line.  See the -r option for a
              way of executing initialization code  from  a  file.   An  error
              results  in  latexmk stopping.  Multiple instances of the -r and
              -e options can be used, and they are executed in the order  they
              appear on the command line.

              Some care is needed to deal with proper quoting of special char-
              acters in the code on the command line.   For  example,  suppose
              you  want  to  set  the  latex  command to use its -shell-escape
              option, then under UNIX/LINUX you could use the line

                   latexmk -e '$latex=q/latex %O -shell-escape %S/' file.tex

              Note that the single  quotes  block  normal  UNIX/LINUX  command
              shells  from  treating  the characters inside the quotes as spe-
              cial.  (In this example, the q/.../ construct is  a  Perl  idiom
              equivalent  to  using  single quotes.  This avoids the complica-
              tions of getting a quote  character  inside  an  already  quoted
              string  in  a  way that is independent of both the shell and the
              operating-system.)

              The above command line  will  NOT  work  under  MS-Windows  with
              cmd.exe  or  command.com  or 4nt.exe.  For MS-Windows with these
              command shells you could use

                   latexmk -e "$latex=q/latex %O -shell-escape %S/" file.tex

              or

                   latexmk -e "$latex='latex %O -shell-escape %S'" file.tex

              The last two examples will  NOT  work  with  UNIX/LINUX  command
              shells.

       -f     Force  latexmk  to  continue document processing despite errors.
              Normally, when latexmk detects that LaTeX or another program has
              found an error which will not be resolved by further processing,
              no further processing is carried out.

       -f-    Turn off the forced processing-past-errors such as is set by the



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LATEXMK(1L)                                                        LATEXMK(1L)


              -f  option.   This could be used to override a setting in a con-
              figuration file.

       -g     Force latexmk to process document fully, even  under  situations
              where  latexmk  would  normally  decide  that  no changes in the
              source files have occurred since the previous run.  This  option
              is  useful,  for example, if you change some options and wish to
              reprocess the files.

       -g-    Turn off -g.

       -gg    "Super go mode" or "clean make": clean out generated files as if
              -C had been given, and then do a regular make.

       -h, -help
              Print help information.

       -l     Run in landscape mode, using the landscape mode for the preview-
              ers and the dvi to postscript converters.  This  option  is  not
              normally  needed  nowadays,  since  current  previewers normally
              determine this information automatically.

       -l-    Turn off -l.

       -new-viewer
              When in continuous-preview mode, always start a  new  viewer  to
              view  the generated file.  By default, latexmk will, in continu-
              ous-preview mode, test for a previously  running  previewer  for
              the same file and not start a new one if a previous previewer is
              running.  However, its test sometimes fails (notably if there is
              an  already-running previewer that is viewing a file of the same
              name as the current file, but in a different  directory).   This
              option turns off the default behavior.

       -new-viewer-
              The  inverse  of the -new-viewer option.  It puts latexmk in its
              normal behavior that in preview-continuous mode it checks for an
              already-running previewer.

       -nobibtex
              Never run bibtex or biber.

              A  common  use  for this option is when a document comes from an
              external source, complete with its bbl  file(s),  and  the  user
              does  not  have  the corresponding bib files available.  In this
              situation use of the -nobibtex option will prevent latexmk  from
              trying to run bibtex or biber, which would result in overwriting
              of the bbl files.

       -p     Print out the document.  By default it is  the  generated  post-
              script  file  that  is  printed.  But you can use the -print=...
              option to print the dvi or pdf files instead, and you  can  con-
              figure this in a start up file (by setting the $print_type vari-
              able).



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LATEXMK(1L)                                                        LATEXMK(1L)


              However, printing is enabled by default  only  under  UNIX/LINUX
              systems,  where  the default is to use the lpr command.  In gen-
              eral, the correct behavior for printing  very  much  depends  on
              your  system's  software.   In  particular, under MS-Windows you
              must have suitable program(s) available, and you must have  con-
              figured  the  print  commands used by latexmk.  This can be non-
              trivial.  See the  documentation  on  the  $lpr,  $lpr_dvi,  and
              $lpr_pdf  configuration variables to see how to set the commands
              for printing.

              This option is incompatible with the -pv and -pvc options, so it
              turns them off.

       -pdf   Generate pdf version of document using pdflatex.

       -pdfdvi
              Generate  pdf  version of document from the dvi file, by default
              using dvipdf.

       -pdfps Generate pdf version of document from the ps  file,  by  default
              using ps2pdf.

       -pdf-  Turn  off  generation  of pdf version of document.  (This can be
              used to override a setting in a configuration file.  It may  get
              overridden if some other option requires the generation of a pdf
              file.)

       -print=dvi, -print=ps, -print=pdf
              Define which kind of file is printed.  This option also  ensures
              that  the  requisite  file  is made, and turns on printing.  The
              default is to print a postscript file.

       -ps    Generate postscript version of document.

       -ps-   Turn off generation of postscript version of document.  This can
              be  used to override a setting in a configuration file.  (It may
              get overridden by some other option that requires  a  postscript
              file, for example a request for printing.)

       -pF    Postscript  file  filtering.   The  argument to this option is a
              filter which will generate a filtered postscript file  with  the
              extension ".psF".  All extra processing (e.g. preview, printing)
              will then be performed on this filtered postscript file.

              Example of usage: Use psnup to print two pages on the one page:

                   latexmk -ps -pF 'psnup -2' foo.tex

              or

                   latexmk -ps -pF "psnup -2" foo.tex

              Whether to use single or double quotes round the "psnup -2" will
              depend  on  your  command interpreter, as used by the particular



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LATEXMK(1L)                                                        LATEXMK(1L)


              version of perl and the operating system on your computer.

       -pv    Run file previewer.  If the -view  option  is  used,  this  will
              select  the kind of file to be previewed (dvi, ps or pdf).  Oth-
              erwise the viewer views the "highest" kind of file selected,  by
              the  -dvi,  -ps, -pdf, -pdfps options, in the order dvi, ps, pdf
              (low to high).  If no file type has been selected, the dvi  pre-
              viewer  will  be  used.  This option is incompatible with the -p
              and -pvc options, so it turns them off.

       -pv-   Turn off -pv.

       -pvc   Run a file previewer  and  continually  update  the  .dvi,  .ps,
              and/or .pdf files whenever changes are made to source files (see
              the Description above).  Which of these files is  generated  and
              which  is  viewed  is  governed by the other options, and is the
              same as for the -pv option.  The preview-continuous option  -pvc
              can  only work with one file.  So in this case you will normally
              only specify one filename on  the  command  line.   It  is  also
              incompatible  with  the  -p  and  -pv options, so it turns these
              options off.

              The -pvc option also turns off force mode (-f), as  is  normally
              best  for  continuous  preview  mode.   If you really want force
              mode, use the options in the order -pvc -f.

              With a good previewer the display will be automatically updated.
              (Under  some but not all versions of UNIX/Linux "gv -watch" does
              this for postscript files; this can be set  by  a  configuration
              variable.   This  would  also  work  for pdf files except for an
              apparent bug in gv that causes an error when the  newly  updated
              pdf  file  is  read.)   Many other previewers will need a manual
              update.

              Important note: the acroread program on MS-Windows locks the pdf
              file,  and  prevents  new versions being written, so it is a bad
              idea to use acroread to view  pdf  files  in  preview-continuous
              mode.   It is better to use a dvi or ps viewer, as set by one of
              the -view=dvi and -view=ps options.

              There are some other methods for arranging  an  update,  notably
              useful  for  many versions of xdvi and xpdf.  These are best set
              in latexmk's configuration; see below.

              Note that if latexmk  dies  or  is  stopped  by  the  user,  the
              "forked" previewer will continue to run.  Successive invocations
              with the -pvc option will not fork new previewers,  but  latexmk
              will  normally  use the existing previewer.  (At least this will
              happen when latexmk is running under an operating  system  where
              it  knows how to determine whether an existing previewer is run-
              ning.)

       -pvc-  Turn off -pvc.




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LATEXMK(1L)                                                        LATEXMK(1L)


       -quiet Same as -silent

       -r <rcfile>
              Read the specified initialization file ("RC file")  before  pro-
              cessing.

              Be careful about the ordering: (1) Standard initialization files
              -- see the section below on  "Configuration/initialization  (RC)
              files"  --  are read first.  (2) Then the options on the command
              line are acted on in the order they are given.  Therefore if  an
              initialization  file  is  specified by the -r option, it is read
              during this second step.  Thus an initialization file  specified
              with the -r option can override both the standard initialization
              files and previously specified options.  But all of these can be
              overridden by later options.

              The contents of the RC file just comprise a piece of code in the
              Perl programming language (typically a  sequence  of  assignment
              statements); they are executed when the -r option is encountered
              during latexmk's parsing of its command line.  See the -e option
              for  a  way  of giving initialization code directly on latexmk's
              command line.  An error results in latexmk  stopping.   Multiple
              instances  of  the  -r  and -e options can be used, and they are
              executed in the order they appear on the command line.

       -recorder
              Use the -recorder option with latex  and  pdflatex.   In  (most)
              modern  versions  of  these  programs, this results in a file of
              extension .fls containing a list of the files  that  these  pro-
              grams have read and written.  Latexmk will then use this file to
              improve its detection of source files and generated files  after
              a run of latex or pdflatex.

              For further information, see the documentation for the $recorder
              configuration variable.

       -recorder-
              Do not use the -recorder option with latex and pdflatex.

       -rules Show a list of latemk's rules and dependencies after processing.

       -rules-
              Do  not  show  a  list of latexmk's rules and dependencies after
              processing.  (This is the default.)

       -silent
              Run commands silently, i.e., with options that reduce the amount
              of  diagnostics  generated.   For example, with the default set-
              tings, the command "latex -interaction=batchmode"  is  used  for
              latex.

              Also  reduce  the  number of informational messages that latexmk
              generates.




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LATEXMK(1L)                                                        LATEXMK(1L)


              To change the options used to make the  commands  run  silently,
              you need to configure latexmk with changed values of its config-
              uration   variables,   the    relevant    ones    being    $bib-
              tex_silent_switch,  $biber_silent_switch,  $dvips_silent_switch,
              $latex_silent_switch, and $pdflatex_silent_switch.

       -use-make
              When after a run of latex or pdflatex, there are warnings  about
              missing files (e.g., as requested by the LaTeX \input, \include,
              and \includgraphics), latexmk tries to make  them  by  a  custom
              dependency. If no relevant custom dependency with an appropriate
              source file is found, and if the -use-make option is  set,  then
              latexmk  will  try  as a resort using the make program to try to
              make the missing files.

              Note that the filename may be specified  without  an  extension,
              e.g.,  by  \includegraphics{drawing}  in  a LaTeX file.  In that
              case, latexmk will try making drawing.ext with ext set  in  turn
              to  the  possible  extensions that are relevant for latex (or as
              appropriate pdflatex).

              See also the documentation for  the  $use_make_for_missing_files
              configuration variable.

       -use-make-
              Do  not  use  the  make  program  to  try to make missing files.
              (Default.)

       -v, -version
              Print version number of latexmk.

       -verbose
              Opposite of -silent.  This is the default setting.

       -view=default, -view=dvi, -view=ps, -view=pdf
              Set the kind of file used when previewing is requested (e.g., by
              the -pv or -pvc switches).  The default is to view the "highest"
              kind of requested file (in the order dvi, ps, pdf).

       The preview-continuous option -pvc can only work with one file.  So  in
       this  case  you  will normally only specify one filename on the command
       line.

       Options -p, -pv and -pvc are mutually  exclusive.   So  each  of  these
       options turns the others off.


EXAMPLES
       % latexmk thesis    # run latex enough times to resolve
                           cross-references

       % latexmk -pvc -ps thesis# run latex enough times to resolve
                           cross-references, make a postscript
                           file, start a previewer.  Then



                                  7 May 2011                                11





LATEXMK(1L)                                                        LATEXMK(1L)


                           watch for changes in the source
                           file thesis.tex and any files it
                           uses.  After any changes rerun latex
                           the appropriate number of times and
                           remake the postscript file.  If latex
                           encounters an error, latexmk will
                           keep running, watching for
                           source file changes.

       % latexmk -c        # remove .aux, .log, .bbl, .blg, .dvi,
                           .pdf, .ps & .bbl files



CONFIGURATION/INITIALIZATION (RC) FILES
       Latexmk can be customized using initialization files, which are read at
       startup in the following order:

       1) The system RC file, if it exists.
          On a UNIX system, latexmk searches for following places for its sys-
       tem RC file, in the following order, and reads the first it finds:
          "/opt/local/share/latexmk/LatexMk",
          "/usr/local/share/latexmk/LatexMk",
          "/usr/local/lib/latexmk/LatexMk".
          On a MS-WINDOWS system it looks for "C:\latexmk\LatexMk".
          On a cygwin system (i.e., a MS-Windows system in which perl is
          that of cygwin), latexmk reads for the first it finds of
          "/cygdrive/c/latexmk/LatexMk",
          "/opt/local/share/latexmk/LatexMk",
          "/usr/local/share/latexmk/LatexMk",
          "/usr/local/lib/latexmk/LatexMk".

       2) The user's RC file, "$HOME/.latexmkrc", if it exists.  Here $HOME is
       the value of  the  environment  variable  HOME.   On  UNIX  and  clones
       (including  LINUX),  this variable is set by the system; on MS-Windows,
       the user may choose to set it.

       3) The RC file in the current working  directory.   This  file  can  be
       named  either "latexmkrc" or ".latexmkrc", and the first of these to be
       found is used, if any.

       4) Any RC file(s) specified on the command line with the -r option.

       Each RC file is a sequence of Perl commands.  Naturally, a user can use
       this  in  creative  ways.   But  for  most  purposes, one simply uses a
       sequence of assignment statements that override some  of  the  built-in
       settings  of  Latexmk.   Straightforward  cases  can be handled without
       knowledge of the Perl language by using the examples in  this  document
       as templates.  Comment lines are introduced by the "#" character.

       Note  that  command  line options are obeyed in the order in which they
       are written; thus any RC file specified on the command line with the -r
       option  can  override  previous options but can be itself overridden by
       later options on the command line.  There is also the -e option,  which



                                  7 May 2011                                12





LATEXMK(1L)                                                        LATEXMK(1L)


       allows initialization code to be specified in latexmk's command line.


HOW TO SET VARIABLES IN INITIALIZATION FILES
       The  important  variables  that  can be configured are described in the
       section "List  of  configuration  variables  usable  in  initialization
       files".  Syntax for setting these variables is of the following forms:

                           $bibtex = 'bibtex %O %B';

       for the setting of a string variable,

                           $preview_mode = 1;

       for the setting of a numeric variable, and

                           @default_files = ('paper', 'paper1');

       for  the  setting  of an array of strings.  It is possible to append an
       item to an array variable as follows:

                           push @default_files, 'paper2';

       Note that simple "scalar" variables have names  that  begin  with  a  $
       character and array variables have names that begin with a @ character.
       Each statement ends with a semicolon.

       Strings should be enclosed in single quotes.   (You  could  use  double
       quotes,  as  in many programming languages.  But then the Perl program-
       ming language brings into play some  special  rules  for  interpolating
       variables  into  strings.  People not fluent in Perl will want to avoid
       these complications.)

       You can do much more complicated things, but for this you will need  to
       consult a manual for the Perl programming language.




FORMAT OF COMMAND SPECIFICATIONS
       Some  of  the variables set the commands that latexmk uses for carrying
       out its work, for example to generate a dvi file from a tex file or  to
       view a postscript file.  This section describes some important features
       of how the commands are specified.

       Placeholders:  Supposed you wanted latexmk to use the command elatex in
       place  of  the  regular  latex  command,  and suppose moreover that you
       wanted to give it the option "--shell-escape".  You could  do  this  by
       the following setting:

            $latex = 'elatex --shell-escape %O %S';

       The  two  items  starting with the % character are placeholders.  These
       are substituted by appropriate values before the command is run.   Thus



                                  7 May 2011                                13





LATEXMK(1L)                                                        LATEXMK(1L)


       %S  will be replaced by the source file that elatex will be applied to,
       and %O will be replaced by any options that latexmk has decided to  use
       for  this  command.   (E.g.,  if  you  used the -silent option it would
       replace %O by "-interaction=batchmode".)

       The available placeholders are:

       %B     base of filename for current command.   E.g.,  if  a  postscript
              file  document.ps  is being made from the dvi file document.dvi,
              then the basename is document.

       %D     destination file (e.g., the name of  the  postscript  file  when
              converting a dvi file to postscript).

       %O     options

       %R     root filename.  This is the base name for the main tex file.

       %S     source  file  (e.g.,  the name of the dvi file when converting a
              dvi file to ps).

       %T     The name of the primary tex file.

       If for some reason you need a literal % character in  your  string  not
       subject  to the above rules, use a pair of these characters.  Thus with
       the command specification $ps_previewer =  'latex  -ad=%%Sfile.ad  %S',
       the %%S will become %S when the command is executed, but the %S will be
       replaced by the source filename, which in this case would be  the  name
       of a postscript file to be viewed.

       Appropriate  quoting  will be applied to the filename substitutions, so
       you mustn't supply them yourself even if you the  names  of  your  have
       spaces in them.  (But if your TeX filenames have spaces in them, beware
       that many versions of the TeX program cannot correctly handle filenames
       containing  spaces.)  In case latexmk's quoting does not work correctly
       on your system, you can turn it off -- see the  documentation  for  the
       variable $quote_filenames.

       The  distinction  between %B and %R needs a bit of care, since they are
       often the same, but not always.  For example on a simple document,  the
       basename of a bibtex run is the same as for the texfile.  But in a doc-
       ument with several bibliographies, the bibliography files will  have  a
       variety  of  names.   Since  bibtex is invoked with the basename of the
       bibliography file, the setting for the bibtex command should  therefore
       be

            $bibtex = 'bibtex %O %B';

       Generally,  you  should use %B rather than %R.  Similarly for most pur-
       poses, the name %T of the primary texfile is not a useful  placeholder.

       See  the default values in the section "List of configuration variables
       usable in initialization files" for what is normally the most appropri-
       ate usage.



                                  7 May 2011                                14





LATEXMK(1L)                                                        LATEXMK(1L)


       If you omit to supply any placeholders whatever in the specification of
       a command, latexmk will supply what its author thinks  are  appropriate
       defaults.  This gives compatibility with configuration files for previ-
       ous versions of latexmk, which didn't use placeholders.

       "Detaching" a command: Normally when latexmk runs a command,  it  waits
       for the command to run to completion.  This is appropriate for commands
       like latex, of course.  But for previewers, the command should normally
       run  detached,  so  that  latexmk  gets  the previewer running and then
       returns to its next task (or exits if there is nothing else to do).  To
       achieve  this  effect  of  detaching a command, you need to precede the
       command name with "start ", as in

            $dvi_previewer = 'start xdvi %O %S';

       This will be translated to whatever is appropriate for  your  operating
       system.

       Notes:  (1)  In  some  circumstances,  latex  will always run a command
       detached.  This is the case for a previewer in preview continuous mode,
       since  otherwise previewing continuously makes no sense.  (2) This pre-
       cludes the possibility of running a command named start.   (3)  If  the
       word  start  occurs  more  than  once  at  the beginning of the command
       string, that is equivalent to having just one.  (4) Under cygwin,  some
       complications  happen, since cygwin amounts to a complicated merging of
       UNIX and MS-Windows.  See the source code  for  how  I've  handled  the
       problem.

       Command names containing spaces: Under MS-Windows it is common that the
       name of a command includes spaces, since software is often installed in
       a  subdirectory  of  "C:\Program  Files".  Such command names should be
       enclosed in double quotes, as in

            $lpr_pdf  =  '"c:/Program  Files/Ghostgum/gsview/gsview32.exe"  /p
       %S';

       (Note  about the above example: Forward slashes are equivalent to back-
       slashes in filenames under MS-Windows, provided that  the  filename  is
       inside  double quotes.  It is easier to use forward slashes in examples
       like the one above, since then one does not have  to  worry  about  the
       rules  for  dealing  with  forward  slashes in strings in the Perl lan-
       guage.)

       Using MS-Windows file associations: A useful trick  under  modern  ver-
       sions of MS-Windows (e.g., WinXP) is to use just the command 'start' by
       itself:

            $dvi_previewer = 'start %S';

       Under recent versions of MS-Windows, this will cause to be run whatever
       program  the  system  has associated with dvi files.  (The same applies
       for a postscript viewer and a pdf viewer.)

       Not using a certain command: If a command is not to be run, the command



                                  7 May 2011                                15





LATEXMK(1L)                                                        LATEXMK(1L)


       name NONE is used, as in

            $lpr  = 'NONE lpr';

       This  typically  is  used when an appropriate command does not exist on
       your system.  The string after the "NONE" is effectively a comment.

       Options to commands: Setting the name of a command can be used not only
       for changing the name of the command called, but also to add options to
       command.  Suppose you want latexmk to use latex  with  source  specials
       enabled.   Then  you  might use the following line in an initialization
       file:

            $latex = 'latex --src-specials %O %S';


       Advanced tricks: Normally one specifies a single command for  the  com-
       mands  invoked  by  latexmk.   Naturally,  if there is some complicated
       additional processing you need to do in your special situation, you can
       write a script (or batch file) to do the processing, and then configure
       latexmk to use your script in place of the standard program.

       It is also possible to configure latexmk to run multiple commands.  For
       example,  if  when  running  pdflatex to generate a pdf file from a tex
       file you need to run another program after  pdflatex  to  perform  some
       extra processing, you could do something like:

            $pdflatex  =  'pdflatex  --shell-escape %O %S; pst2pdf_for_latexmk
       %B';

       This definition assumes you are using a UNIX-like system, so  that  the
       two  commands to be run are separated by the semicolon in the middle of
       the string.



LIST OF CONFIGURATION VARIABLES USABLE IN INITIALIZATION FILES
       Default values are indicated in brackets.

       $always_view_file_via_temporary [0]
              Whether ps and pdf files are initially to be made in a temporary
              directory  and  then moved to the final location.  (This applies
              to dvips, dvipdf, and ps2pdf operations, and the filtering oper-
              ators  on  dvi  and  ps  files.   It does not apply to pdflatex,
              unfortunately.)

              This use of a temporary file solves a problem that the making of
              these  files  can  occupy  a substantial time.  If a viewer sees
              that the file has changed, it reads the new file, and  this  can
              cause havoc if the program writing the file has not yet finished
              its work.

              See the $pvc_view_file_via_temporary variable for a setting that
              applies  only  if preview-continuous mode (-pvc option) is used.



                                  7 May 2011                                16





LATEXMK(1L)                                                        LATEXMK(1L)


              See $tmpdir for the setting of the directory where the temporary
              file is created.


       $banner [0]
              If  nonzero, the banner message is printed across each page when
              converting the dvi file to postscript.   Without  modifying  the
              variable  $banner_message,  this is equivalent to specifying the
              -d option.

              Note that if $banner is nonzero, the $postscript_mode is assumed
              and the postscript file is always generated, even if it is newer
              than the dvi file.

       $banner_intensity [0.95]
              Equivalent to the -bi option, this is a decimal number between 0
              and  1 that specifies how dark to print the banner message. 0 is
              black, 1 is white.  The default is just right if your toner car-
              tridge isn't running too low.

       $banner_message ["DRAFT"]
              The banner message to print across each page when converting the
              dvi file to postscript.  This is equivalent to the -bm option.

       $banner_scale [220.0]
              A decimal number that specifies how  large  the  banner  message
              will  be printed.  Experimentation is necessary to get the right
              scale for your message, as a rule of thumb the scale  should  be
              about  equal  to 1100 divided by the number of characters in the
              message.  The Default is just right for  5  character  messages.
              This is equivalent to the -bs option.

       @BIBINPUTS
              This  is  an array variable, now mostly obsolete, that specifies
              directories where  latexmk  should  look  for  .bib  files.   By
              default it is set from the BIBINPUTS environment variable of the
              operating system.  If that environment variable is  not  set,  a
              single  element list consisting of the current directory is set.
              The format of the directory names depends on your operating sys-
              tem, of course.  Examples for setting this variable are:

                      @BIBINPUTS = ( ".", "C:\bibfiles" );
                      @BIBINPUTS = ( ".", "\\server\bibfiles" );
                      @BIBINPUTS = ( ".", "C:/bibfiles" );
                      @BIBINPUTS = ( ".", "//server/bibfiles" );
                      @BIBINPUTS = ( ".", "/usr/local/texmf/bibtex/bib" );

              Note  that  under  MS  Windows,  either a forward slash "/" or a
              backward slash "\" can be used to separate pathname  components,
              so  the  first  two  and the second two examples are equivalent.
              Each backward slash should be doubled to avoid running afoul  of
              Perl's rules for writing strings.

       Important  note:  This  variable  is now mostly obsolete in the current



                                  7 May 2011                                17





LATEXMK(1L)                                                        LATEXMK(1L)


       version of latexmk, since it has a better method of searching for files
       using the kpsewhich command.  However, if your system is an unusual one
       without the kpsewhich command, you may need to set the variable @BIBIN-
       PUTS.

       $biber ["biber %O %S"]
              The biber processing program.

       $biber_silent_switch ["--onlylog"]
              Switch(es)  for the biber processing program when silent mode is
              on.

       $bibtex ["bibtex %O %S"]
              The BibTeX processing program.

       $bibtex_silent_switch ["-terse"]
              Switch(es) for the BibTeX processing program when silent mode is
              on.

       $bibtex_use [1]
              Under what conditions to run BibTeX or biber.  When latexmk dis-
              covers from the log file that one (or more)  BibTeX/biber-gener-
              ated  bibliographies  are used, it can run BibTeX or biber when-
              ever it appears necessary to regenerate  the  bbl  file(s)  from
              their source bib database file(s).

              But  sometimes,  the  bib file(s) are not available (e.g., for a
              document obtained from an external archive), but the  bbl  files
              are  provided.   In that case use of BibTeX or biber will result
              in incorrect overwriting of the precious bbl files.   The  vari-
              able  $bibtex_use  controls  whether this happens.  Its possible
              values are: 0: never use BibTeX or biber.  1: only use BibTeX or
              biber  if  the bib files exist.  2: run BibTeX or biber whenever
              it appears necessary to update the bbl  files,  without  testing
              for the existence of the bib files.

       $cleanup_includes_cusdep_generated [0]
              If  nonzero,  specifies that cleanup also deletes files that are
              generated by custom dependencies.  (When doing a clean up, e.g.,
              by use of the -C option, custom dependencies are those listed in
              the .fdb_latexmk file from a previous run.)

       $cleanup_includes_generated [0]
              If nonzero, specifies that cleanup also deletes files  that  are
              detected  in log file as being generated (see the \openout lines
              in the log file).  It will also include files  made  from  these
              first generation generated files.

       $cleanup_mode [0]
              If  nonzero,  specifies  cleanup mode: 1 for full cleanup, 2 for
              cleanup except for dvi, ps and pdf files, 3 for  cleanup  except
              for  dep and aux files.  (There is also extra cleaning as speci-
              fied by  the  $clean_ext,  $clean_full_ext  and  @generated_exts
              variables.)



                                  7 May 2011                                18





LATEXMK(1L)                                                        LATEXMK(1L)


       This  variable is equivalent to specifying one of the -c or -C options.
       But there should be no need to set this variable from an RC file.

       $clean_ext [""]
              Extra extensions of files for latexmk to remove when any of  the
              clean-up  options  (-c  or  -C)  is selected.  The value of this
              variable is a string containing the extensions separated by spa-
              ces.

              It is also possible to specify a more general pattern of file to
              be deleted, by using the place holder %R, as in commands.   Thus
              setting

                 $clean_ext = "out %R-blx.bib";

              in an initialization file will imply that when a clean-up opera-
              tion is specified,  not  only  is  the  standard  set  of  files
              deleted,  but  also  files  of the form FOO.out and FOO-blx.bib,
              where FOO stands for the basename of the  file  being  processed
              (as in FOO.tex).


       $clean_full_ext [""]
              Extra  extensions  of  files  for  latexmk to remove when the -C
              option is selected, i.e., extensions of files to remove when the
              .dvi, etc files are to be cleaned-up.

       @cus_dep_list [()]
              Custom  dependency list -- see section on "Custom Dependencies".

       @default_files [("*.tex")]
              Default list of files to be processed.

              Normally, if no filenames are specified  on  the  command  line,
              latexmk  processes all tex files specified in the @default_files
              variable, which by default is set to all tex files ("*.tex")  in
              the  current directory.  This is a convenience: just run latexmk
              and it will process an appropriate set of files.  But  sometimes
              you want only some of these files to be processed.  In this case
              you set the @default_files in an initialization file (e.g.,  the
              file  "latexmkrc"  in  the current directory).  Then if no files
              are specified on the command line then the files you specify  by
              setting @default_files are processed.

              Three examples:

                   @default_files = ("paper_current");

                   @default_files = ("paper1", "paper2.tex");

                   @default_files = ("*.tex", "*.dtx");

              Note  that  more  than  file  may be given, and that the default
              extension is ".tex".  Wild cards are allowed.   The  parentheses



                                  7 May 2011                                19





LATEXMK(1L)                                                        LATEXMK(1L)


              are  because  @default_files  is  an  array  variable,  i.e.,  a
              sequence of filename specifications is possible.

       $dependents_list [0]
              Whether to display a list(s) of dependencies at  the  end  of  a
              run.

       $dvi_filter [empty]
              The  dvi  file  filter  to be run on the newly produced dvi file
              before other  processing.   Equivalent  to  specifying  the  -dF
              option.

       $dvi_mode [See below for default]
              If  nonzero, generate a dvi version of the document.  Equivalent
              to the -dvi option.

       The variable $dvi_mode defaults to 0, but if no explicit  requests  are
       made  for other types of file (postscript, pdf), then $dvi_mode will be
       set to 1.  In addition, if a request for a file for which a  .dvi  file
       is a prerequisite, then $dvi_mode will be set to 1.

       $dvi_previewer ["start xdvi %O %S" under UNIX]
              The  command  to  invoke  a  dvi-previewer.  [Default is "start"
              under MS-WINDOWS; under more recent versions  of  Windows,  this
              will  cause to be run whatever command the system has associated
              with .dvi files.]

       $dvi_previewer_landscape ["start xdvi %O %S"]
              The  command  to  invoke  a  dvi-previewer  in  landscape  mode.
              [Default is "start" under MS-WINDOWS; under more recent versions
              of Windows, this will cause to be run whatever command the  sys-
              tem has associated with .dvi files.]

       $dvipdf ["dvipdf %O %S %D"]
              Command to convert dvi to pdf file.  A common reconfiguration is
              to use the dvipdfm command, which needs its arguments in a  dif-
              ferent order:

                   $dvipdf = "dvipdfm %O -o %D %S";

              WARNING:  The  default  dvipdf  script  generates pdf files with
              bitmapped fonts, which do not look good when viewed by acroread.
              That  script  should  be  modified to give dvips the options "-P
              pdf" to ensure that type 1 fonts are used in the pdf file.

       $dvips ["dvips %O -o %D %S"]
              The program to used as a filter to convert a .dvi file to a  .ps
              file.   If pdf is going to be generated from pdf, then the value
              of the $dvips_pdf_switch -- see below -- will be included in the
              options substituted for "%O".

       $dvips_landscape ["dvips -tlandscape %O -o %D %S"]
              The  program to used as a filter to convert a .dvi file to a .ps
              file in landscape mode.



                                  7 May 2011                                20





LATEXMK(1L)                                                        LATEXMK(1L)


       $dvips_pdf_switch ["-P pdf"]
              Switch(es) for dvips program when pdf file is  to  be  generated
              from ps file.

       $dvips_silent_switch ["-q"]
              Switch(es) for dvips program when silent mode is on.

       $dvi_update_command [""]
              When  the  dvi  previewer is set to be updated by running a com-
              mand, this is the command that is run.  See the information  for
              the variable $dvi_update_method for further information, and see
              information on the variable $pdf_update_method  for  an  example
              for the analogous case of a pdf previewer.

       $dvi_update_method [2 under UNIX, 1 under MS-Windows]
              How  the  dvi  viewer  updates its display when the dvi file has
              changed.    The   values   here    apply    equally    to    the
              $pdf_update_method and to the $ps_update_method variables.
                  0 => update is automatic,
                  1=> manual update by user, which may only mean a mouse click
              on the viewer's window or may mean a more serious action.
                  2 => Send the  signal,  whose  number  is  in  the  variable
              $dvi_update_signal.   The  default  value under UNIX is suitable
              for xdvi.
                  3 => Viewer cannot do an update, because it locks the  file.
              (As with acroread under MS-Windows.)
                  4  => run a command to do the update.  The command is speci-
              fied by the variable $dvi_update_command.

              See information on the variable $pdf_update_method for an  exam-
              ple of updating by command.

       $dvi_update_signal  [Under  UNIX:  SIGUSR1, which is a system-dependent
       value]
              The  number of the signal that is sent to the dvi viewer when it
              is updated by sending a signal -- see  the  information  on  the
              variable  $dvi_update_method.   The  default  value  is  the one
              appropriate for xdvi on a UNIX system.

       $fdb_ext ["fdb_latexmk"]
              The extension of the file which latexmk generates to  contain  a
              database  of information on source files.  You will not normally
              need to change this.

       $force_mode [0]
              If nonzero, continue processing past minor latex errors  includ-
              ing unrecognized cross references.  Equivalent to specifying the
              -f option.

       @generated_exts [( aux , bbl , idx , ind , lof , lot  ,  out  ,  toc  ,
       $fdb_ext )]
              This contains a list of extensions for files that are  generated
              during  a LaTeX run and that are read in by LaTeX in later runs,
              either directly or indirectly.



                                  7 May 2011                                21





LATEXMK(1L)                                                        LATEXMK(1L)


              This list has two uses: (a) to set  the  kinds  of  file  to  be
              deleted in a cleanup operation (with the -c, -C, -CA, -g and -gg
              options), and (b) in the determination of  whether  a  rerun  of
              (pdf)LaTeX is needed after a run that gives an error.

              (Normally, a change of a source file during a run should provoke
              a rerun.  This includes a file generated by LaTeX, e.g., an  aux
              file,  that is read in on subsequent runs.  But after a run that
              results in an error, a new run should occur until the  user  has
              made  a change in the files.  But the user may have corrected an
              error in a source .tex file during the run.  So latexmk needs to
              distinguish user-generated and automatically generated files; it
              determines the  automatically  generated  files  as  those  with
              extensions in the list in @generated_exts.)

              A  convenient way to add an extra extension to the list, without
              losing the already defined ones is to use a push command in  the
              line in an RC file.  E.g.,

                              push @generated_exts, "end";

              adds  the  extension  "end"  to the list of predefined generated
              extensions.  (This extension is used by the RevTeX package,  for
              example.)

       $go_mode [0]
              If  nonzero, process files regardless of timestamps, and is then
              equivalent to the -g option.

       %hash_calc_ignore_pattern
              !!!This variable is for experts only!!!

              The general rule latexmk uses for determining when an extra  run
              of  some  program  is needed is that one of the source files has
              changed.  But consider for example a latex package  that  causes
              an  encapsulated postscript file (an "eps" file) to be made that
              is to be read in on the next run.  The file contains  a  comment
              line  giving  its  creation  date and time.  On the next run the
              time changes, latex sees that the  eps  file  has  changed,  and
              therefore  reruns  latex.  This causes an infinite loop, that is
              only terminated becaues latexmk has a limit  on  the  number  of
              runs to guard against pathological situations.

              But the changing line has no real effect, since it is a comment.
              You can instruct latex to ignore the offending line as follows:

                 $hash_calc_ignore_pattern{'eps'} = '^%%CreationDate: ';

              This creates a rule for files with extension .eps about lines to
              ignore.   The left-hand side is a Perl idiom for setting an item
              in a hash.  Note that the file extension is specified without  a
              period.  The value, on the right-hand side, is a string contain-
              ing a regular expresssion.  (See documentation on Perl  for  how
              they  are  to be specified in general.)  This particular regular



                                  7 May 2011                                22





LATEXMK(1L)                                                        LATEXMK(1L)


              expression specifies that lines beginning with  "%%CreationDate:
              "  are  to  be  ignored  in deciding whether a file of the given
              extension .eps has changed.

              There is only one regular expression available for  each  exten-
              sion.   If you need more one pattern to specify lines to ignore,
              then you need to combine the  patterns  into  a  single  regular
              expression.   The simplest method is separate the different sim-
              ple patterns by a vertical bar character  (indicating  "alterna-
              tion" in the jargon of regular expressions).  For example,

                 $hash_calc_ignore_pattern{'eps'}      =     '^%%CreationDate:
              |^%%Title: ';

              causes  lines  starting  with  either  "^%%CreationDate:  "   or
              "^%%Title: " to be ignored.

              It  may happen that a pattern to be ignored is specified in, for
              example, in a system or user initialization file, and  you  wish
              to remove this in a file read later.  To do this, you use perl's
              delete function, e.g.,

                  delete $hash_calc_ignore_pattern{'eps'};


       $kpsewhich ["kpsewhich %S"]
              The program called to locate a source file when the  name  alone
              is  not  sufficient.  Most filenames used by latexmk have suffi-
              cient path information to be  found  directly.   But  sometimes,
              notably  when .bib files are found from the log file of a bibtex
              or biber run, the name of the file, but not its path  is  known.
              The program specified by $kpsewhich is used to find it.

              See  also  the  @BIBINPUTS variable for another way that latexmk
              also uses to try to locate files; it applies only in the case of
              .bib files.

       $landscape_mode [0]
              If nonzero, run in landscape mode, using the landscape mode pre-
              viewers and dvi to postscript converters.  Equivalent to the  -l
              option.  Normally not needed with current previewers.

       $latex ["latex %O %S"]
              The LaTeX processing program.  Note that as with other programs,
              you can use this variable not just to change  the  name  of  the
              program used, but also specify options to the program.  E.g.,

                                  $latex = "latex --src-specials";

       %latex_input_extensions
              This  variable specifies the extensions tried by latexmk when it
              finds that a LaTeX run resulted in an error that a file has  not
              been  found,  and  the file is given without an extension.  This
              typically happens when LaTeX commands of the  form  \input{file}



                                  7 May 2011                                23





LATEXMK(1L)                                                        LATEXMK(1L)


              or  \includegraphics{figure}, when the relevant source file does
              not exist.

              In this situation, latexmk searches for custom  dependencies  to
              make  the  missing  file(s),  but restricts it to the extensions
              specified by the variable %latex_input_extensions.  The  default
              extensions are 'tex' and 'eps'.

              (For  Perl experts: %latex_input_extensions is a hash whose keys
              are the extensions.  The values are  irrelevant.)   Two  subrou-
              tines  are  provided for manipulating this and the related vari-
              able     %pdflatex_input_extensions,      add_input_ext      and
              remove_input_ext.   They  are  used as in the following examples
              are possible lines in an initialization file:

                  remove_input_ext( 'latex', 'tex' );

              removes the extension 'tex' from latex_input_extensions

                  add_input_ext( 'latex', 'asdf' );

              add the extension 'asdf to  latex_input_extensions.   (Naturally
              with such an extension, you should have made an appropriate cus-
              tom dependency for latexmk, and should also have done the appro-
              priate  programming  in the LaTeX source file to enable the file
              to be read.  The standard extensions are handled  by  LaTeX  and
              its graphics/graphicx packages.


       $latex_silent_switch ["-interaction=batchmode"]
              Switch(es)  for the LaTeX processing program when silent mode is
              on.

              If you use MikTeX, you may prefer the results if  you  configure
              the  options  to include -c-style-errors, e.g., by the following
              line in an initialization file

                $latex_silent_switch   =   "-interaction=batchmode   -c-style-
              errors";


       $lpr ["lpr %O %S" under UNIX/LINUX, "NONE lpr" under MS-WINDOWS]
              The command to print postscript files.

              Under  MS-Windows (unlike UNIX/LINUX), there is no standard pro-
              gram for printing files.  But there are ways you can do it.  For
              example, if you have gsview installed, you could use it with the
              option "/p":

                  $lpr = '"c:/Program Files/Ghostgum/gsview/gsview32.exe" /p';

              If  gsview  is installed in a different directory, you will need
              to make the appropriate change.  Note the combination of  single
              and  double  quotes  around the name.  The single quotes specify



                                  7 May 2011                                24





LATEXMK(1L)                                                        LATEXMK(1L)


              that this is a string to be assigned to the configuration  vari-
              able  $lpr.   The double quotes are part of the string passed to
              the operating system to get the command obeyed; this  is  neces-
              sary because one part of the command name ("Program Files") con-
              tains a space which would otherwise be misinterpreted.

       $lpr_dvi ["NONE lpr_dvi"]
              The printing program to print dvi files.

       $lpr_pdf ["NONE lpr_pdf"]
              The printing program to print pdf files.

              Under MS-Windows you could set this to  use  gsview,  if  it  is
              installed, e.g.,

                  $lpr = '"c:/Program Files/Ghostgum/gsview/gsview32.exe" /p';

              If gsview is installed in a different directory, you  will  need
              to  make  the appropriate change.  Note the double quotes around
              the name: this is necessary because one part of the command name
              ("Program Files") contains a space which would otherwise be mis-
              interpreted.


       $make ["make"]
              The make processing program.


       $makeindex ["makeindex %O -o %D %S"]
              The index processing program.

       $max_repeat [5]
              The maximum number of  times  latexmk  will  run  latex/pdflatex
              before  deciding  that there may be an infinite loop and that it
              needs to bail out, rather than rerunning latex/pdflatex again to
              resolve  cross-references,  etc.   The  default value covers all
              normal cases.

              (Note that the "etc" covers a lot of  cases  where  one  run  of
              latex/pdflatex generates files to be read in on a later run.)

       $new_viewer_always [0]
              This  variable  applies  to  latexmk  only in continuous-preview
              mode.  If $new_viewer_always is 0, latexmk will check for a pre-
              viously  running  previewer on the same file, and if one is run-
              ning will not start a new one.  If  $new_viewer_always  is  non-
              zero,  this check will be skipped, and latexmk will behave as if
              no viewer is running.

       $pdf_mode [0]
              If zero, do NOT generate a pdf  version  of  the  document.   If
              equal  to 1, generate a pdf version of the document using pdfla-
              tex.  If equal to 2, generate a pdf version of the document from
              the  ps  file,  by  using  the  command specified by the $ps2pdf



                                  7 May 2011                                25





LATEXMK(1L)                                                        LATEXMK(1L)


              variable.  If equal to 3, generate a pdf version of the document
              from the dvi file, by using the command specified by the $dvipdf
              variable.

              Equivalent to the -pdf-, -pdf, -pdfdvi, -pdfps options.

       $pdflatex ["pdflatex %O %S"]
              The LaTeX processing program in the version  that  makes  a  pdf
              file instead of a dvi file.

       %pdflatex_input_extensions
              This  variable specifies the extensions tried by latexmk when it
              finds that a pdfLaTeX run resulted in an error that a  file  has
              not  been  found,  and  the  file is given without an extension.
              This  typically  happens  when  LaTeX  commands  of   the   form
              \input{file}  or  \includegraphics{figure},  when  the  relevant
              source file does not exist.

              In this situation, latexmk searches for custom  dependencies  to
              make  the  missing  file(s),  but restricts it to the extensions
              specified  by  the  variable  %pdflatex_input_extensions.    The
              default extensions are 'tex', 'pdf', 'jpg, and 'png'.

              (For  Perl  experts:  %pdflatex_input_extensions is a hash whose
              keys are the extensions.  The values are irrelevant.)  Two  sub-
              routines  are  provided  for  manipulating  this and the related
              variable     %latex_input_extensions,     add_input_ext      and
              remove_input_ext.   They  are  used as in the following examples
              are possible lines in an initialization file:

                  remove_input_ext( 'pdflatex', 'tex' );

              removes the extension 'tex' from pdflatex_input_extensions

                  add_input_ext( 'pdflatex', 'asdf' );

              add the extension 'asdf  to  pdflatex_input_extensions.   (Natu-
              rally  with such an extension, you should have made an appropri-
              ate custom dependency for latexmk, and should also have done the
              appropriate  programming  in the LaTeX source file to enable the
              file to be read.  The standard extensions are handled by  pdfla-
              tex and its graphics/graphicx packages.)


       $pdflatex_silent_switch ["-interaction=batchmode"]
              Switch(es)  for  the pdflatex program (specified in the variable
              $pdflatex when silent mode is on.

              If you use MikTeX, you may prefer the results if  you  configure
              the  options  to include -c-style-errors, e.g., by the following
              line in an initialization file

                $latex_silent_switch   =   "-interaction=batchmode   -c-style-
              errors";



                                  7 May 2011                                26





LATEXMK(1L)                                                        LATEXMK(1L)


       $pdf_previewer ["start acroread %O %S"]
              The  command  to invoke a pdf-previewer.  [Default is changed to
              "start" on MS-WINDOWS; under more recent  versions  of  Windows,
              this  will cause to be run whatever command the system has asso-
              ciated with .pdf files.]

              WARNING: Potential problem under MS-Windows: if acroread is used
              as the pdf previewer, and it is actually viewing a pdf file, the
              pdf file cannot be updated.  Thus makes acroread a bad choice of
              previewer  if you use latexmk's previous-continuous mode (option
              -pvc)  under  MS-windows.   This  problem  does  not  occur   if
              ghostview, gv or gsview is used to view pdf files.

       $pdf_update_command [""]
              When  the  pdf  previewer is set to be updated by running a com-
              mand, this is the command that is run.  See the information  for
              the variable $pdf_update_method.

       $pdf_update_method [1 under UNIX, 3 under MS-Windows]
              How  the  pdf  viewer  updates its display when the pdf file has
              changed. See the information on the variable  $dvi_update_method
              for the codes.  (Note that information needs be changed slightly
              so that for the value 4, to run a command to do the update,  the
              command  is  specified  by the variable $pdf_update_command, and
              for the value 2, to specify update  by  signal,  the  signal  is
              specified by $pdf_update_signal.)

              Note that acroread under MS-Windows (but not UNIX) locks the pdf
              file, so the default value is then 3.

              Arranging to use a command to get a previewer explicitly updated
              requires three variables to be set.  For example:

                  $pdf_previewer = "start xpdf -remote %R %O %S";
                  $pdf_update_method = 4;
                  $pdf_update_command = "xpdf -remote %R -reload";

              The  first  setting  arranges for the xpdf program to be used in
              its "remote server mode", with the server name specified as  the
              rootname  of  the  TeX  file.   The  second setting arranges for
              updating to be done in response to a command, and the third set-
              ting sets the update command.


       $pdf_update_signal  [Under  UNIX:  SIGHUP,  which is a system-dependent
       value]
              The  number of the signal that is sent to the pdf viewer when it
              is updated by sending a signal -- see  the  information  on  the
              variable  $pdf_update_method.   The  default  value  is  the one
              appropriate for gv on a UNIX system.

       $pid_position[1 under UNIX, -1 under MS-Windows]
              The variable $pid_position is used  to  specify  which  word  in
              lines  of  the output from $pscmd corresponds to the process ID.



                                  7 May 2011                                27





LATEXMK(1L)                                                        LATEXMK(1L)


              The first word in the line is numbered 0.  The default value  of
              1 (2nd word in line) is correct for Solaris 2.6 and Linux.  Set-
              ting the variable to -1 is used to indicate that $pscmd  is  not
              to be used.

       $postscript_mode [0]
              If  nonzero,  generate  a  postscript  version  of the document.
              Equivalent to the -ps option.

       If some other request is made for which a postscript  file  is  needed,
       then $postscript_mode will be set to 1.

       $preview_continuous_mode [0]
              If  nonzero,  run a previewer to view the document, and continue
              running latexmk to keep .dvi up-to-date.  Equivalent to the -pvc
              option.   Which  previewer is run depends on the other settings,
              see the command line options -view=, and the variable $view.

       $preview_mode [0]
              If nonzero, run a previewer to preview the document.  Equivalent
              to  the -pv option.  Which previewer is run depends on the other
              settings, see the command line options -view=, and the  variable
              $view.

       $printout_mode [0]
              If  nonzero, print the document using lpr.  Equivalent to the -p
              option.  This is recommended not to be set from an RC file, oth-
              erwise you could waste lots of paper.

       $print_type = ["ps"]
              Type  of  file  to  printout:  possibilities  are "dvi", "none",
              "pdf", or "ps".

       $pscmd Command used to get all the processes currently run by the user.
              The  -pvc  option  uses  the  command  specified by the variable
              $pscmd to determine if there is an  already  running  previewer,
              and  to  find  the process ID (needed if latexmk needs to signal
              the previewer about file changes).

              Each line of the output of this command is assumed to correspond
              to  one  process.   See  the  $pid_position variable for how the
              process number is determined.

              The default for pscmd is  "NONE"  under  MS-Windows  and  cygwin
              (i.e.,  the  command  is  not  used),  "ps  --width  200  -f  -u
              $ENV{USER}" under linux, "ps -ww  -u  $ENV{USER}"  under  darwin
              (Macintosh  OS-X), and "ps -f -u $ENV{USER}" under other operat-
              ing systems (including other flavors of UNIX).  In these  speci-
              fications "$ENV{USER}" is substituted by the username.

       $ps2pdf ["ps2pdf %O %S %D"]
              Command to convert ps to pdf file.





                                  7 May 2011                                28





LATEXMK(1L)                                                        LATEXMK(1L)


       $ps_filter [empty]
              The postscript file filter to be run on the newly produced post-
              script file before other processing.  Equivalent  to  specifying
              the -pF option.

       $ps_previewer ["start gv %O %S", but "start %O %S" under MS-WINDOWS]
              The  command  to  invoke a ps-previewer.  (The default under MS-
              WINDOWS will cause to be run whatever  command  the  system  has
              associated with .ps files.)

              Note  that  gv  could be used with the -watch option updates its
              display whenever the postscript file changes, whereas  ghostview
              does  not.  However, different versions of gv have slightly dif-
              ferent ways of writing this  option.   You  can  configure  this
              variable apppropriately.

              WARNING: Linux systems may have installed one (or more) versions
              of gv under different names, e.g.,  ggv,  kghostview,  etc,  but
              perhaps not one called gv.

       $ps_previewer_landscape  ["start  gv  -swap  %O  %S", but "start %O %S"
       under MS-WINDOWS]
              The command to invoke a ps-previewer in landscape mode.

       $ps_update_command [""]
              When  the postscript previewer is set to be updated by running a
              command, this is the command that is run.  See  the  information
              for the variable $ps_update_method.

       $ps_update_method [0 under UNIX, 1 under MS-Windows]
              How  the  postscript viewer updates its display when the ps file
              has   changed.   See   the   information   on    the    variable
              $dvi_update_method  for the codes.  (Note that information needs
              be changed slightly so that for the value 4, to run a command to
              do  the  update,  the  command  is  specified  by  the  variable
              $ps_update_command, and for the value 2, to  specify  update  by
              signal, the signal is specified by $ps_update_signal.)


       $ps_update_signal  [Under  UNIX:  SIGHUP,  which  is a system-dependent
       value]
              The  number of the signal that is sent to the pdf viewer when it
              is updated by sending a signal --  see  $ps_update_method.   The
              default value is the one appropriate for gv on a UNIX system.


       $pvc_view_file_via_temporary [1]
              The same as $always_view_file_via_temporary, except that it only
              applies in preview-continuous mode (-pvc option).


       $quote_filenames [1]
              This specifies whether substitutions for placeholders in command
              specifications  (as  in  $pdflatex)  are  surrounded  by  double



                                  7 May 2011                                29





LATEXMK(1L)                                                        LATEXMK(1L)


              quotes.  If this variable is 1 (or any other value Perl  regards
              as true), then quoting is done.  Otherwise quoting is omitted.

       The  quoting  method  used by latexmk is tested to work correctly under
       UNIX systems (including Linux and Mac OS-X) and under  MS-Windows.   It
       allows the use of filenames containing special characters, notably spa-
       ces.  (But note that many versions of LaTeX and  PdfLaTeX  cannot  cor-
       rectly deal with TeX files whose names contain spaces.  Latexmk's quot-
       ing only ensures that such filenames are correctly treated by the oper-
       ating system in passing arguments to programs.)

       $recorder [0]
              Whether  to  use the -recorder option to latex and pdflatex. Use
              of this option results in a file of extension .fls containing  a
              list  of  the  files  that these programs have read and written.
              Latexmk will then use this file  to  improve  its  detection  of
              source  files and generated files after a run of latex or pdfla-
              tex.

              It is generally recommended to use this option (or to  configure
              the  $recorder  variable  to  be  on.)   But  it  only  works if
              (pdf)latex supports the -recorder option, which is true for most
              current implementations

              Note  about  the  name of the .fls file: Most implementations of
              (pdf)latex produce an .fls file with the same  basename  as  the
              main  document's LaTeX, e.g., for Document.tex, the .fls file is
              Document.fls.  However,  some  implementations  instead  produce
              files  named  for  the program, i.e., latex.fls or pdflatex.fls.
              In this second case, latexmk  copies  the  latex.fls  or  pdfla-
              tex.fls  to a file with the basename of the main LaTeX document,
              e.g., Document.fls.

       $sleep_time [2]
              The time to sleep (in seconds) between checking for source  file
              changes when running with the -pvc option.  This is subject to a
              minimum of one second delay, except  that  zero  delay  is  also
              allowed.

              A  value  of  exactly 0 gives no delay, and typically results in
              100% CPU usage, which may not be desirable.

       $texfile_search [""]
              This is an obsolete variable,  replaced  by  the  @default_files
              variable.

              For   backward   compatibility,  if  you  choose  to  set  $tex-
              file_search, it is a string of  space-separated  filenames,  and
              then latexmk replaces @default_files with the filenames in $tex-
              file_search to which is added "*.tex".

       $tmpdir [See below for default]
              Directory to store temporary files  that  latexmk  may  generate
              while running.



                                  7 May 2011                                30





LATEXMK(1L)                                                        LATEXMK(1L)


              The  default  under  MSWindows  (including  cygwin),  is  to set
              $tmpdir to the value of the first of  whichever  of  the  system
              environment  variables  TMPDIR  or TEMP exists, otherwise to the
              current directory.  Under other operating systems  (expected  to
              be  UNIX/Linux, including OS-X), the default is the value of the
              system environment  variable  TMPDIR  if  it  exists,  otherwise
              "/tmp".

       $use_make_for_missing_files [0]
              Whether to use make to try and make files that are missing after
              a run of latex or pdflatex, and for which  a  custom  dependency
              has  not been found.  This is generally useful only when latexmk
              is used as part of a bigger project which is built by using  the
              make program.

              Note that once a missing file has been made, no further calls to
              make will be made on a subsequent run of latexmk to  update  the
              file.   Handling  this  problem is the job of a suitably defined
              Makefile.  See the section "USING latexmk WITH make" for how  to
              do  this.   The intent of calling make from latexmk is merely to
              detect dependencies.

       $view ["default"]
              Which kind of file is to be previewed if a  previewer  is  used.
              The  possible  values  are  "default",  "dvi", "ps", "pdf".  The
              value of "default" means that the "highest" of the kinds of file
              generated is to be used (among dvi, ps and pdf).


CUSTOM DEPENDENCIES
       In  any RC file a set of custom dependencies can be set up to convert a
       file with one extension to a file with another.  An example use of this
       would be to allow latexmk to convert a .fig file to .eps to be included
       in the .tex file.

       The old method of configuring latexmk was to  directly  manipulate  the
       @cus_dep_list  array  that  contains  information  defining  the custom
       dependencies.  This method still works.  But now there are  subroutines
       that  allow  convenient  manipulations  of  the custom dependency list.
       These are

           add_cus_dep( fromextension, toextension, must, subroutine )
           remove_cus_dep( fromextension, toextension )
           show_cus_dep()

       The custom dependency is a list of rules, each of which is specified as
       follow:

       from extension:
              The  extension  of the file we are converting from (e.g. "fig").
              It is specified without a period.

       to extension:
              The extension of the file we are converting to (e.g. "eps").  It



                                  7 May 2011                                31





LATEXMK(1L)                                                        LATEXMK(1L)


              is specified without a period.

       must:  If  non-zero,  the file from which we are converting must exist,
              if it doesn't exist latexmk will give an error message and  exit
              unless the -f option is specified.  If must is zero and the file
              we are converting from doesn't exist, then no action is taken.

       function:
              The name of the subroutine that latexmk should call  to  perform
              the  file  conversion.   The first argument to the subroutine is
              the base name of the file to be converted without any extension.
              The  subroutines  are declared in the syntax of Perl.  The func-
              tion should return 0 if it was successful and a  nonzero  number
              if it failed.

       It  is  invoked  whenever  latexmk detects that a run of latex/pdflatex
       needs to read a file, like a graphics file, whose extension is the  to-
       extension of a custom dependency.  Then latexmk examines whether a file
       exists with the same name, but with the  corresponding  from-extension,
       as  specified in the custom-dependency rule.  If it does, then whenever
       the destination file (the one with  the  to-extension)  is  out-of-date
       with respect to the corresponding source file.

       To  make the new destination file, the Perl subroutine specified in the
       rule is invoked, with an argument that is the base name of the files in
       question.   Simple cases just involve a subroutine invoking an external
       program; this can be done by following the  templates  below,  even  by
       those  without  knowledge of the Perl programming language.  Of course,
       experts could do something much more elaborate.

       One other item in each custom-dependency  rule  labelled  "must"  above
       specifies  how the rule should be applied when the source file fails to
       exist.

       A simple and typical example of code in an initialization rcfile is

           add_cus_dep( 'fig', 'eps', 0, 'fig2eps' );
           sub fig2eps {
               system("fig2dev -Leps $_[0].fig $_[0].eps");
           }

       The first line adds a custom  dependency  that  converts  a  file  with
       extension  "fig",  as  created  by the xfig program, to an encapsulated
       postscript file, with extension "eps".  The remaining  lines  define  a
       subroutine  that  carries out the conversion.  If a rule for converting
       "fig" to "eps" files already exists (e.g., from  a  previously  read-in
       initialization  file),  the latexmk will delete this rule before making
       the new one.

       Suppose latexmk is using this rule to convert a  file  "figure.fig"  to
       "figure.eps".   Then  it  will invoke the fig2eps subroutine defined in
       the above code with a single argument "figure", which is  the  basename
       of  each  of the files (possibly with a path component).  This argument
       is referred to by Perl as $_[0].  In the example above, the  subroutine



                                  7 May 2011                                32





LATEXMK(1L)                                                        LATEXMK(1L)


       uses the Perl command system to invoke the program fig2dev.  The double
       quotes around the string are a Perl idiom that signify that each string
       of  the  form  of a variable name, $_[0] in this case, is to be substi-
       tuted by its value.

       If the return value of the subroutine is non-zero,  then  latexmk  will
       assume  an  error  occurred during the execution of the subroutine.  In
       the above example, no explicit return value is given, and  instead  the
       return  value  is  the value returned by the last (and only) statement,
       i.e., the invocation of system, which returns the value 0 on success.

       If you use filenames with spaces in them, and if your LaTeX system  and
       all  other  relevant software correctly handle such filenames, then you
       could put single quotes around filenames in the command  line  that  is
       executed:

           add_cus_dep( 'fig', 'eps', 0, 'fig2eps' );
           sub fig2eps {
               system("fig2dev -Lps '$_[0].fig' '$_[0].eps'");
           }

       This  causes the invocation of the fig2dev program to have quoted file-
       names; it should therefore work with filenames containing spaces.  How-
       ever, not all software deals correctly with filenames that contain spa-
       ces.  Moreover, the rules, if any, for quoting filenames  vary  between
       operating systems, command shells and individual pieces of software, so
       this code may not always work.

       If you use pdflatex instead of latex, then you will probably prefer  to
       convert  your  graphics  files  to  pdf format, in which case you would
       replace the above code in an initialization file by

           add_cus_dep( 'fig', 'pdf, 0, 'fig2pdf' );
           sub fig2pdf {
               system("fig2dev -Lpdf $_[0].fig $_[0].pdf");
           }

       If you have some general custom dependencies defined in the  system  or
       user  initialization  file,  you may find that for a particular project
       they are undesirable.  So you might want to delete the  unneeded  ones.
       For example, you remove any "fig" to "eps" rule by the line

           remove_cus_dep( 'fig', 'eps' );

       If  you  have  complicated sets of custom dependencies, you may want to
       get a listing of the custom dependencies.  This is done  by  using  the
       line

           show_cus_dep();

       in an initialization file.

       Another  example  of  a  custom  dependency  overcomes  a limitation of
       latexmk concerning index files.  The only index-file conversion  built-



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LATEXMK(1L)                                                        LATEXMK(1L)


       in to latexmk is from an ".idx" file written on one run of latex/pdfla-
       tex to an ".ind" file to be read in on a subsequent run.  But with  the
       index.sty package you can create extra indexes with extensions that you
       configure.  Latexmk does not know how to deduce the extensions from the
       information it has.  But you can easily write a custom dependency.  For
       example  if  your  latex  file   uses   the   command   "\newindex{spe-
       cial}{ndx}{nnd}{Special index}" you will need to convert files with the
       extension .ndx to .nnd.  The following lines in  an  initialization  RC
       file will cause this to happen:

           add_cus_dep('ndx', 'nnd', 0, 'makendx2nnd');
           sub makendx2nnd {
               system("makeindex -o $_[0].nnd $_[0].ndx");
           }

       (You  will need to modify this code if you use filenames with spaces in
       them, to provide correct quoting of the filenames.)

       Those of you with experience with Makefiles, will undoubtedly  be  con-
       cerned that the .ndx file is written during a run of latex/pdflatex and
       is always later than the .nnd last read in.  Thus the .nnd  appears  to
       be  perpetually out-of-date.  This situation, of circular dependencies,
       is endemic to latex, and latexmk in its current version works correctly
       with  circular dependencies.  It examines the contents of the files (by
       use of an md5 checksum), and only does a remake when the file  contents
       have actually changed.

       Of  course  if you choose to write random data to the .nnd (or and .aux
       file, etc) that changes on each new run, then you will have a  problem.
       For  real experts: See the %hash_cal_ignore_pattern if you have to deal
       with such problems.

       Glossaries can be dealt with similarly.


OLD METHOD OF DEFINING CUSTOM DEPENDENCIES
       In previous versions of latexmk, the only  method  of  defining  custom
       dependencies  was  to directly manipulate the table of custom dependen-
       cies.  This is contained in the @cus_dep_list array.  It is an array of
       strings,  and each string in the array has four items in it, each sepa-
       rated by a space, the  from-extension,  the  to-extension,  the  "must"
       item,  and the name of the subroutine for the custom dependency.  These
       were all defined above.

       An example of the old method of defining custom dependencies is as fol-
       lows.  It  is  the code in an RC file to ensure automatic conversion of
       .fig files to .eps files:

           push @cus_dep_list, "fig eps 0 fig2eps";
           sub fig2eps {
               system("fig2dev -Lps $_[0].fig $_[0].eps");
           }

       This method still works, and is equivalent to the  earlier  code  using



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LATEXMK(1L)                                                        LATEXMK(1L)


       the  add_cus_dep subroutine, except that it doesn't delete any previous
       custom-dependency for the  same  conversion.   So  the  new  method  is
       preferable.




USING latexmk WITH make
       This  section  is targeted only at advanced users who use the make pro-
       gram for complex projects, as for software development, with the depen-
       dencies specified by a Makefile.

       Now  the  basic  task  of latexmk is to run the appropriate programs to
       make a viewable version of a LaTeX document.  However, the  usual  make
       program  is not suited to this purpose for at least two reasons.  First
       is that the use of LaTeX involves circular dependencies (e.g., via .aux
       files), and these cannot be handled by the standard make program.  Sec-
       ond is that in a large document the set  of  source  files  can  change
       quite  frequently,  particularly  with included graphics files; in this
       situation keeping a Makefile  manually  updated  is  inappropriate  and
       error-prone, especially when the depedencies can be determined automat-
       ically.  Latexmk solves both of these problems robustly.

       Thus for many standard LaTeX documents latexmk can be  used  by  itself
       without  the  make program.  In a complex project it simply needs to be
       suitably configured.  A standard configuration would be to define  cus-
       tom  dependencies to make graphics files from their source files (e.g.,
       as created by the xfig program).   Custom  dependencies  are  latexmk's
       equivalent of pattern rules in Makefiles.

       Nevertheless  there  are  projects for which a Makefile is appropriate,
       and it is useful to know how to use latexmk from a Makefile.  A typical
       example  would  be  to  generate  documentation for a software project.
       Potentially the interaction with the rest of the rules in the  Makefile
       could be quite complicated, for example if some of the source files for
       a LaTeX document are generated by the project's software.

       In this section, I give a couple of examples of how latexmk can be use-
       fully  invoked  from a Makefile.  The examples use specific features of
       current versions of GNU make, which is the default on  both  linux  and
       OS-X  systems.  They may need modifications for other versions of make.

       The simplest method is simply to delegate all  the  relevant  tasks  to
       latexmk, as is suitable for a straightforward LaTeX document.  For this
       a suitable Makefile is like

           .PHONY : FORCE_MAKE
           all : try.pdf
           %.pdf : %.tex FORCE_MAKE
               latexmk -pdf -dvi- -ps- $<

       (Note: the last line must be introduced by a tab for  the  Makefile  to
       function  correctly!)  Naturally, if making try.pdf from its associated
       LaTeX file try.tex were the only task to be performed, a direct use  of



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LATEXMK(1L)                                                        LATEXMK(1L)


       latexmk  without  a  Makefile would normally be better.  The benefit of
       using a Makefile for a LaTeX document would be  in  a  larger  project,
       where lines such as the above would be only be a small part of a larger
       Makefile.

       The above example has a pattern rule for making a .pdf file from a .tex
       file,  and it is defined to use latexmk in the obvious way.  There is a
       conventional  default  target  named  "all",  with  a  prerequisite  of
       try.pdf.   So  when  make is invoked, by default it makes try.pdf.  The
       only complication is  that  there  may  be  many  source  files  beyond
       try.tex, but these aren't specified in the Makefile, so changes in them
       will not by themselves cause latexmk to be invoked.  Instead, the  pat-
       tern  rule is equipped with a "phony" prerequisite FORCE_MAKE; this has
       the effect of causing the  rule  to  be  always  out-of-date,  so  that
       latexmk  is  always run.  It is latexmk that decides whether any action
       is needed, e.g., a rerun of pdflatex.  Effectively the  Makefile  dele-
       gates all decisions to latexmk, while make has no knowledge of the list
       of source files except for primary LaTeX file for  the   document.   If
       there  are,  for example, graphics files to be made, these must be made
       by custom dependencies configured in latexmk.

       But something better is needed  in  more  complicated  situations,  for
       example,  when  the  making  of graphics files needs to be specified by
       rules in the Makefile.  To do this, one can use  a  Makefile  like  the
       following:

            TARGETS = document1.pdf document2.pdf
            DEPS_DIR = .deps
            LATEXMK = latexmk -recorder -use-make -deps \
                  -e 'warn qq(In Makefile, turn off custom dependencies0;' \
                  -e '@cus_dep_list = ();' \
                  -e 'show_cus_dep();'
            all : $(TARGETS)
            $(foreach file,$(TARGETS),$(eval -include $(DEPS_DIR)/$(file)P))
            $(DEPS_DIR) :
                   mkdir $@
            %.pdf : %.tex
                   if [ ! -e $(DEPS_DIR) ]; then mkdir $(DEPS_DIR); fi
                   $(LATEXMK) -pdf -dvi- -ps- -deps-out=$(DEPS_DIR)/$@P $<
            %.pdf : %.fig
                   fig2dev -Lpdf $< $@

       (Again,  the  lines  containing  the  commands  for the rules should be
       started with tabs.)  This example was inspired by how GNU automake han-
       dles automatic dependency tracking of C source files.

       After  each  run of latexmk, dependency information is put in a file in
       the .deps subdirectory.  The Makefile causes these dependency files  to
       be read by make, which now has the full dependency information for each
       target .pdf file.  To make things less trivial it  is  specificed  that
       two  files document1.pdf and document2.pdf are the targets.  The depen-
       dency files are .deps/document1.pdfP and .deps/document2.pdfP.

       There is now no need for the phony prerequisite for the  rule  to  make



                                  7 May 2011                                36





LATEXMK(1L)                                                        LATEXMK(1L)


       .pdf files from .tex files.  But I have added a rule to make .pdf files
       from .fig files produced by the xfig program; these are  commonly  used
       for  graphics  insertions  in  LaTeX documents.  Latexmk is arranged to
       output a dependency file after each run.  It  is  given  the  -recorder
       option, which improves its detection of files generated during a run of
       pdflatex; such files should not be in  the  dependency  list.   The  -e
       options  are  used to turn off all custom dependencies, and to document
       this.  Instead the -use-make is used to delegate the making of  missing
       files to make itself.

       Suppose  in  the LaTeX file there is a command \includegraphics{graph},
       and an xfig file "graph.fig" exists.  On a first run, pdflatex  reports
       a  missing  file, named "graph". Latexmk succeeds in making "graph.pdf"
       by calling "make graph.pdf", and after completion of its work, it lists
       "fig.pdf" among the dependents of the file latexmk is making.  Then let
       "fig.fig" be updated, and then let make be  run.   Make  first  remakes
       "fig.pdf", and only then reruns latexmk.

       Thus  we  now  have  a method by which all the subsidiary processing is
       delegated to make.


SEE ALSO
       latex(1), bibtex(1).

BUGS
       Sometimes a viewer (gv) tries to read an updated .ps or .pdf file after
       its  creation is started but before the file is complete.  Work around:
       manually refresh (or reopen) display.  Or use one of the other preview-
       ers and update methods.

       (The  following  isn't  really a bug, but concerns features of preview-
       ers.)  Preview continuous mode only works perfectly with  certain  pre-
       viewers:  Xdvi  on  UNIX/LINUX  works  for dvi files.  Gv on UNIX/LINUX
       works for both postscript and pdf.  Ghostview  on  UNIX/LINUX  needs  a
       manual  update (reopen); it views postscript and pdf.  Gsview under MS-
       Windows works for both postscript and pdf, but only reads  the  updated
       file  when  its  screen  is refreshed.  Acroread under UNIX/LINUX views
       pdf, but the file needs to be closed and reopened to  view  an  updated
       version.   Under  MS-Windows,  acroread locks its input file and so the
       pdf file cannot be updated.  (Remedy: configure latexmk to  use  gsview
       instead.)

THANKS TO
       Authors  of  previous  versions.   Many  users with their feedback, and
       especially David Coppit (username david at node  coppit.org)  who  made
       many  useful  suggestions  that  contributed  to version 3, and Herbert
       Schulz.  (Please note that the e-mail  addresses  are  not  written  in
       their standard form to avoid being harvested by worms and viruses.)

AUTHOR
       Current   version,   by   John   Collins   (username  collins  at  node
       phys.psu.edu).  (Version 4.24).




                                  7 May 2011                                37





LATEXMK(1L)                                                        LATEXMK(1L)


       Released version can be obtained from CTAN: <http://www.tug.org/tex-ar-
       chive/support/latexmk/>,     and     from    the    author's    website
       <http://www.phys.psu.edu/~collins/software/latexmk/>.
       Modifications and enhancements by Evan McLean (Version 2.0)
       Original script called "go" by David J. Musliner (RCS Version 3.2)




















































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